ABSTRACT
El Covid-19 ha ocasionado una pandemia mundial, que ha afectado gravemente a la economía de las familias. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar los efectos del Covid-19 en el empleo y los ingresos familiares del sur del Perú, en periodo de cuarentena por emergencia sanitaria autorizada por el gobierno para mitigar y prevenir la pandemia. Es un estudio básico de nivel descriptivo, con diseño no experimental de nivel explicativo, apoyado en datos cuantitativos. En la aplicación del Chi cuadrado los resultados mostraron que las familias de altos ingresos fueron afectadas en un 30%, las familias de bajos ingresos han sido afectadas hasta un 100%, el aislamiento afectó el 49% de empleos y el ingreso familiar disminuyó en 92% de hogares. La perspectiva del 50% considera que habrá mayor desempleo. Se concluye que la cuarentena por Covid-19 afectó el empleo y los ingresos familiares, las familias de bajos ingresos fueron las más afectadas, el acceso al trabajo independiente se ha visto gravemente afectado por la pandemia.Alternate :Covid-19 is a global pandemic, which has severely affected the economy of families. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of Covid-19 on the employment and family income of southern Peru, quarantined by emergency health authorized by the government to mitigate and prevent the pandemic. It is a basic descriptive-level study, with a non-experimental explanatory-level design, supported by quantitative data. In the application of the Chi square, the results showed that high-income families were affected by 30%, low-income families have been affected by up to 100%, isolation affected 49% of jobs and family income decreased by 92% of households. The 50% outlook is that there will be more unemployment. It is concluded that the quarantine by Covid-19 affected employment and family income, low-income families were the most affected, access to independent work has been severely affected by the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Our aims were to evaluate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) disease activity and SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination. Methods: In this prospective study, disease activity and clinical assessments were recorded from the first dose of vaccine, until day 15 after the second dose in 126 SLE patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses were measured against wild-type spike antigen while serum-neutralizing activity was assessed against the SARS-CoV-2 historical strain and variants of concerns (VOCs). Vaccine-specific T-cell responses were quantified by Interferon (IFN)-gamma; release assay after the second dose. Results: BNT162b2 was well tolerated and no statistically significant variations of BILAG and SLEDAI scores were observed throughout the study in SLE patients with active and inactive disease at baseline. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and Methotrexate (MTX) treatments were associated with drastically reduced BNT162b2 antibody-response (beta=-78; p=0.007, beta=-122; p<0.001, respectively). Anti-spike antibody response was positively associated with baseline total IgG serum levels, naive B cell frequencies (beta=2; p=0.018, beta=2.5; p=0.003) and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response (r=0.462; p=0.003). In responders, serum neutralization activity decreased against VOCs bearing the E484K mutation but remained detectable in a majority of patients. Conclusion: MMF, MTX and poor baseline humoral immune status, particularly: low naive B cell frequencies, are independently associated with impaired BNT162b2 mRNA antibody response, delineating SLE patients who might need adapted vaccine regimens and follow-up.